There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when the blood glucose level is at a normal level, and that is the prevention of complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, drug therapy and prevention of complications.
Diabetes diet is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps to improve the condition and cope with the symptoms. Yes, you will have to radically revise your diet and nutrition. Yes, you have to give up sweet and fatty. And yes, there will be many restrictions in your diet. Aren't you inspired by the possibility of eating cabbage and black bread all your life? Do not be angry!
The diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be varied. The main thing is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main supplier of energy. In diabetes, they should be 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Foods containing carbohydrates are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast (simple) carbohydrates. They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes after consumption and lead to an immediate increase in blood sugar. These are any sweets, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice cereals. Their use will have to be abandoned.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, whole grain breads, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be consumed, but you will have to strictly control the amount.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radishes, radishes, cranberries, lemons, apples and plums can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, Swedes, celery, sweet peppers, beans, citrus fruits, plums, pears, peaches, cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, blueberries, sweet varieties of apples can be eaten, but in limited quantities. You will need to strictly limit potatoes from your diet and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes and dried fruits.
Of great importance are dietary fiber found in plant foods that can lower blood sugar. Broccoli, white cabbage, lemon, onion, garlic, oats, legumes, legumes, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce and some other foods have a hypoglycemic effect.
If refusing sweets is difficult to tolerate, the doctor will advise which sugar substitutes are best to use in each case and in what quantity.
Fats
The amount of animal fats is reduced in the diet. This is especially true of refractory fats of animal origin - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You cannot eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other intestines). Preference should be given to easily digestible fats of vegetable origin.
You can't completely reject fats, without them you won't get fat-soluble vitamins and omega-6 and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They should be 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
Squirrels
Proteins, as a rule, require more than the physiological norm. They compensate for the energy value of the diet while reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You should get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total amount of protein is animal protein.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, eggs, cottage cheese and other dairy products are recommended, as well as legumes and proteins from specialized SBCS products.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes
- Forget about fried, smoked and salty. Products need to be cooked, steamed, baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This promotes even carbohydrate absorption and helps avoid sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should make up 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner - 25% and for another dinner - 5-10%.
- It is advisable to take food at the same time, strictly adhering to the diet. This is especially important in insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The caloric content of food should be approximately the same every day.
- It is necessary to adhere to the drinking regime recommended by the doctor.
A sensible, balanced approach to diet is the basis for good health in diabetes. Don’t forget about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.